Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40924707›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

The experience of cerebral palsy stigma amongst adults living in the UK and Ireland: A qualitative co-designed project.

Kimberley J Smith, Jessica Burke, Rachel Lawrence, Emily Oputa, Ruth Bailey

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. How adults with cerebral palsy successfully confront and cope with ableism: a peer-led research project.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kimberley J SmithSchool of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-1323-627X
Jessica BurkeSchool of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
Rachel LawrenceSchool of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3743-4622
Emily OputaSchool of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
Ruth BaileySchool of Social Sciences and Global Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is evidence that cerebral palsy (CP) could be linked to stigma and discrimination, however current evidence is limited to small qualitative studies. The goal of this co-designed survey was to elicit information on experiences of stigma and discrimination amongst a larger sample of adults in the UK and Ireland.

methodsQuantitative questions about sources of stigma and qualitative questions designed to elicit information on experiences of stigma were shared via an online survey.

resultsEighty-six people completed the qualitative survey, and 5 themes were generated that captured experiences of stigma and discrimination. Theme 1 (rigid stereotypes) captured the lack of awareness about the heterogeneity of CP. Theme 2 (impact on participation) highlighted the difficulties that participants had with participation, particularly in terms of accessibility and sexual relationships. Theme 3 (interpersonal difficulties) included the difficulties people with CP had in interactions with the public such as feel visible in some situations, invisible in others and being infantilised. Theme 4 (systematic discrimination) highlighted discrimination in the workplace, healthcare and broader environment. Theme 5 (negative emotional impact) captured the negative emotional impact that experiences of stigma and discrimination had. Quantitative responses from 48 participants indicated that stigma was a common experience (experienced by 87.5% of respondents), and the most common sources of stigma were the public, classmates and coworkers.

conclusionsResults indicate that CP is linked to experiences of stigma and discrimination which arise from a lack of understanding of the heterogeneity of CP, a public lack of awareness of how to communicate with people with disabilities, inaccessible environments and negative societal attitudes towards visible impairments. Suggested ways to tackle these issues include improving understanding of CP and removing barriers to accessibility.

Indexed as

Cerebral PalsySocial StigmaAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansIrelandMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited KingdomYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID40924707
PMCPMC12419618

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.