ArticleAnnals of African medicine2026
Comparison of Endotracheal Tube Size Estimated by Ultrasonography and Age-based Formula for Choosing Appropriate Size in Pediatric Patients.
Article in Annals of African medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionPediatric endotracheal intubation is challenging due to airway anatomical differences. Accurate endotracheal tube (ETT) sizing is crucial for effective ventilation and preventing complications. Traditional age, weight, or height-based methods are often unreliable, leading to multiple attempts. Ultrasonography (USG), by measuring cricoid diameter, offers a more precise alternative. This study compares USG with age-based formulae in selecting the appropriate ETT size. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis prospective study involved 96 pediatric patients (2-12 years) undergoing elective surgery. Group A used the Penlington formula, whereas Group B used USG-guided ETT selection. The subglottic diameter was measured using USG, and the closest matching ETT was chosen. An independent anesthesiologist performed an air leak test to assess ETT suitability.
resultsUSG-based selection (Group B) resulted in fewer ETT exchanges and higher rates of correctly sized tubes compared to the Penlington formula ( P = 0.003). Group A significantly underestimated ETT size ( P = 0.001), whereas Group B showed a minor overestimation ( P = 0.04). DISCUSSION: USG provided a more precise method for ETT selection, reducing repeated intubations and associated risks.
conclusionUSG-based cricoid diameter estimation is a more reliable method for determining ETT size than traditional formulas, reducing tube exchanges and enhancing patient safety.
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