Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40924342›Full record

ReviewNano-micro letters2025

Advancements and Innovations in Low-Temperature Hydrogen Electrochemical Conversion Devices Driven by 3D Printing Technology.

Min Wang, Xiuyue Wang, Enyang Sun, Zhenye Kang, Fan Gong, Bin Hou, Gaoqiang Yang, Mingbo Wu, Feng-Yuan Zhang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nano-micro letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Synthesis and Application of 3D-Printed Materials in Electrocatalysis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Min WangCollege of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China. minwang@upc.edu.cn.
Xiuyue WangCollege of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China.
Enyang SunCollege of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China.
Zhenye KangSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
Fan GongDepartment of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
Bin HouDepartment of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
Gaoqiang YangDepartment of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China. gyang@hnu.edu.cn.
Mingbo WuCollege of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China. wumb@upc.edu.cn.
Feng-Yuan ZhangDepartment of Mechanical, Aerospace & Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. fzhang@utk.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

3D printing, as a versatile additive manufacturing technique, offers high design flexibility, rapid prototyping, minimal material waste, and the capability to fabricate complex, customized geometries. These attributes make it particularly well-suited for low-temperature hydrogen electrochemical conversion devices-specifically, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells, anion exchange membrane electrolyzer cells, and alkaline electrolyzers-which demand finely structured components such as catalyst layers, gas diffusion layers, electrodes, porous transport layers, and bipolar plates. This review provides a focused and critical summary of the current progress in applying 3D printing technologies to these key components. It begins with a concise introduction to the principles and classifications of mainstream 3D printing methods relevant to the hydrogen energy sector and proceeds to analyze their specific applications and performance impacts across different device architectures. Finally, the review identifies existing technical challenges and outlines future research directions to accelerate the integration of 3D printing in next-generation low-temperature hydrogen energy systems.

Indexed as

3D printingHydrogenProton exchange membrane fuel cellsWater electrolyzers

Identifiers

PMID40924342
PMCPMC12420563

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.