ArticleJournal of epidemiology and global health2025
National Update on Healthcare-Associated Infections in Iran for 2023-Based on the Iranian Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (INIS) System.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Virulence determinants and multidrug resistance profiles of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus from healthy orthopedic surgical personnel.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- National surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Iran using IAMR software: A hospital-based study.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Human-centered digital ecosystem: safeguarding healthcare workers' sleep, ergonomics, and occupational health.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Burden and Economic Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance inThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHealthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) pose a serious threat to healthcare systems. Accurately determining the incidence of HCAIs is crucial for planning and implementing efficient interventions, as they are associated with a wide range of challenges. The objective of this study was to assess and update the incidence rates of HCAIs in Iran in 2023, using data from the Iranian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (INIS) system, a nationwide hospital-based surveillance program.
methodsThe Iranian Center for Communicable Diseases Control (ICDC) evaluated data from 1,066 hospitals using the INIS software. Hospitals' trained infection control staff collected all information and entered it into the INIS. HCAIs were diagnosed based on the CDC/NHSN case definition criteria. We calculated incidence rate (per 100 admissions and per 1,000 patient-days).
resultsWe reported 170,948 HCAIs among 11,043,373 hospitalized patients, with an incidence rate of 4.95 per 1,000 patient-days, and the crude mortality rate of 19.85%. Looking at the relative frequencies, Pneumonia was the most frequent infection (28.32%), followed by urinary tract infections (UTIs) (26.6%), and surgical site infections (SSIs) (21.85%). HCAI rates were highest in intensive care units (ICUs), transplant wards, and burn units, with major surgeries like cardiovascular, neurosurgeries, and orthopedics having the highest SSI rates. The most common microorganisms were Klebsiella spp. (16.56%) and E. coli (14.6%), with high proportions of multidrug-resistance (MDR) including MRSA (43.2%), VRE (65.24%), and KPC (74.21%).
conclusionsThis study reveals a high incidence of HCAIs in Iranian hospitals in 2023, with pneumonia, UTIs, and SSIs being most common. The high proportion of MDR pathogens underscores the need for enhanced infection control, antibiotic stewardship program, and continuous staff education to reduce HCAIs and improve patient outcomes.
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