ArticleInfection2025
Influence of wind direction on the relationship between proximity to pig farms and risk of infection with MRSA CC398 among persons without known contact to livestock: a Danish nationwide population-based study.
Article in Infection, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLivestock-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) can cause infections in persons without known contact to livestock, but the route of transmission is unclear. We investigated whether the risk of livestock-MRSA infection among persons with no known contact to livestock is associated with the number of pig farms near the home, and whether this association is affected by the upwind/downwind location of the farms.
methodsRegister-based case-control study of 518 persons from Denmark with clinical infections with livestock-MRSA in 2016-2021 and no known exposure to livestock, and 4,944 matched controls. Distances and angles from home addresses to all pig farms within a distance of 25 km were calculated, and compared with the mean wind direction in the area.
resultsThe mean number of pig farms within 13,127 m of the home address was 3.3 [0.3; 6.3] higher for cases (60.5) than controls (57.1), with a larger difference for farms upwind than downwind. The primary analysis showed that the livestock-MRSA exposure from a downwind farm was 59% [40%; 178%] of the exposure from an upwind farm, but the difference disappeared after confounder adjustment. In a post-hoc analysis, cases were surrounded by more pig farms at 50 - 6,250 m from the home address, and in the interval 1,250-6,250 m the difference was only seen in the upwind directions.
conclusionThe risk of livestock-MRSA infection among persons without known livestock contact was influenced by the number of and distance to pig farms. In an exploratory post-hoc analysis, but not the main analysis, the risk was also influenced by mean wind direction.
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