Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40923346›Full record

ArticleNursing & health sciences2025

Addressing the Increasing Rate of Caesarean Sections in an Australian Healthcare System: A Systems Science Approach to Identify Stakeholder Perspectives.

Siobhan O'Halloran, Susan Perlen, Anna Chapman, Sominsky Luba, Samantha L Dawson, Rachael Cusworth, Laura Alston, Vidanka Vasilevski, Linda Sweet, Peter Vuillermin and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nursing & health sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Siobhan O'HalloranSchool of Medicine, Institute for Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2724-6484
Susan PerlenSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9743
Anna ChapmanFaculty of Health/Office of the Executive Dean Health/Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7965-4098
Sominsky LubaSchool of Medicine, Institute for Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Samantha L DawsonSchool of Medicine, Institute for Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4701-1220
Rachael CusworthSchool of Medicine, Institute for Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Laura AlstonColac Area Health, Colac, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-8845
Vidanka VasilevskiSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-811X
Linda SweetSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0605-1186
Peter VuillerminSchool of Medicine, Institute for Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-0346
Alison M HutchinsonSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5065-2726
Pregnancy Research and Translation Ecosystem Investigator group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Caesarean section (CS) rates are increasing globally. We aimed to understand stakeholders' perspectives on factors driving CS in pregnancy care to inform areas for intervention. Stakeholders from five health services participated in three Group Model Building workshops to identify the drivers of CS and intervention opportunities. A Causal Loop Diagram was developed to identify priority action areas. Workshop transcripts were thematically analyzed to understand the factors influencing CS rates and to identify areas for interventions to improve CS decision-making. Participants identified 29 drivers that were grouped into four priority areas for action: mothers' health and confidence, clinicians providing care, clinical monitoring and intervention, and health system issues. Five major themes emerged from the transcripts: health system issues, maternal factors, clinical factors, clinical management, and guidelines and adherence. Intervention ideas included: feedback data use across health services, improving the quality of data, and modifying data entry prompts. The factors driving CS rates related to clinicians, maternal service users, the health system, and the health service. A standardized audit and feedback tool to assess, monitor, and compare CS rates within health systems may address CS overuse.

Indexed as

Cesarean SectionStakeholder ParticipationAdultAustraliaDelivery of Health CareFemaleHumansPregnancyQualitative ResearchSystems Analysiscaesarean sectioninfantsmidwivespregnancy carepregnancy care clinicianssystems sciencesystems thinkingwomen

Identifiers

PMID40923346
PMCPMC12418297

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.