ArticleJournal of animal science2025
Green tea extract complex as a phytogenic supplement to reduce bile salt hydrolase activity and enhance growth performance in weaning pigs.
Article in Journal of animal science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The postweaning period is stressful for pigs due to changes in their environment and diet. The occurrence of diarrhea at this stage is high. Growth promoters such as antibiotics and zinc oxide (ZnO) have been used not only to reduce postweaning diarrhea but also to improve the growth performance of weaning pigs. It has also been shown that the growth performance of pigs is negatively associated with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) in the gut. Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) and ZnO administration have demonstrated effective inhibition of BSH, which is linked to enhanced growth performance in pigs. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of a plant-based supplement, green tea extract, with butyric acid, and vitamin K (GBK), on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, blood profile, and BSH activity of the gut microbiota of weaning pigs. Here, 192 crossbred weaning pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc], aged 21 d, were subjected to a 4-wk-long feeding experiment. Pigs were divided into six treatments (n = 32 per treatment, 8 pens per treatment). After feeding, the average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed (G:F) ratio improved linearly with GBK supplementation. During the feeding period, diarrhea was not observed in the treatment groups, and the fecal scores of the weaned pigs were not affected. Supplementation had no negative impact on the blood profile parameters of weaned pigs, including white blood cell count, red blood cell count, lymphocyte percentage, and blood urea nitrogen. Moreover, supplementation of GBK decreased the TNF-α and IL-6, while immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG) increased. In addition, GBK reduced the abundance of gut microbiota with BSH activity, including Clostridium sensu stricto 6, the Clostridia vadinBB60 group, Marvinbryantia, Muribaculaceae, and Enterococcus. Correlation analysis revealed that gut microbiota function related to secondary bile acid biosynthesis had a strong negative correlation with ADG, average daily feed intake, and G:F ratio of the pigs. The combination of green tea, butyric acid, and vitamin K is an effective alternative to AGP and ZnO for improving growth performance, feed efficiency, and diarrhea score of weaned pigs. In addition, this feeding strategy had a modulatory effect on the gut microbiome, altering BSH activity associated with improved growth performance in weaning pigs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.