Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40922809›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2025

Antimicrobial resistance in

Ismael Maatouk, Phiona Vumbugwa, Thitima Cherdtrakulkiat, Lon Say Heng, Irving Hoffman, Noel Palaypayon, Francis Kakooza, Rossaphorn Kittiyaowamarn, Peter Kyambadde, Monica M Lahra and 16 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Inferring Sexual Network Bridging Using Genomics: A Simulation Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  9. Traveling with HIV.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Ismael MaatoukGlobal HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
Phiona VumbugwaGlobal HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
Thitima CherdtrakulkiatBangrak STIs Center, Division of AIDS and STIs, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
Lon Say HengNational Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Irving HoffmanUniversity of North Carolina (UNC) Project Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.
Noel PalaypayonDepartment of Health, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, the Philippines.
Francis KakoozaInfectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
Rossaphorn KittiyaowamarnBangrak STIs Center, Division of AIDS and STIs, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
Peter KyambaddeSexually Transmitted Infections Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
Monica M LahraWHO Collaborating Centre for Sexually Transmitted Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, New South Wales Health Pathology, Microbiology, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Pham Thi LanNational Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, and Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam.
Venessa MasekoCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Mitch MatogaUniversity of North Carolina (UNC) Project Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.
Anna MachihaSexually Transmitted Infections, Ministry of Health, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Etienne MüllerCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Thuy Thi Phan NguyenHo Chi Minh City Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
Le Huu DoanhNational Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, and Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam.
Vichea OukNational Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Vivi SetiawatySulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Sonia B SiaDepartment of Health, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, the Philippines.
Teguh S HartonoSulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Mot VirakLaboratory of the National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Nguyen Thi Thuy VanWHO Country Office, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
Magnus UnemoWHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Teodora WiGlobal HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
WHO EGASP Study Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Methods: In 2023, WHO EGASP included men with urethral discharge (n = 3498) and gonococcal isolates (n = 2491). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs, mg/L) values were determined for ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin using Etest (bioMérieux). Breakpoints from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) were applied. Clinical and epidemiological variables associated with AMR isolates were assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses of odds ratios. Findings: Overall, 3.8% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.1-4.6%; 95/2487), 8.9% (95% CI 7.9-10.1%; 222/2484), 3.6% (95% CI 2.9-4.4%; 89/2487), and 95.3% (95% CI 93.2-97.5%; 1801/1890) of isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. All the ceftriaxone-resistant isolates were from Cambodia (15.3% (95% CI 11.5-20.1%), 42/274) and Viet Nam (20.4% (95% CI 15.9-25.7%), 53/260). In univariable analysis, ceftriaxone resistance was associated with travelling within the country during previous 30 days (OR 4.66, 95% CI 3.06-7.16; Interpretation: Resistance to ceftriaxone, cefixime, and azithromycin is a major global concern, and expanded and improved resistance surveillance is essential. The WHO EGASP has been substantially expanded in the recent years. Additionally, resistance breakpoints have been harmonised and test-of-cure, whole-genome sequencing, and extragenital sampling implemented, where feasible. Novel antimicrobials for gonorrhoea treatment are critical; zoliflodacin and gepotidacin are promising. Funding: WHO, Global Fund.

Indexed as

Antimicrobial resistanceEnhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP)GonorrhoeaNeisseria gonorrhoeaeSurveillance

Identifiers

PMID40922809
PMCPMC12414356

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.