Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40922551›Full record

ArticleMovement disorders clinical practice2026

Artificial Intelligence Predicts GBA1 Mutated Status in Parkinson's Disease Patients.

Giulia Di Rauso, Alessandro Ghibellini, Sara Grisanti, Valentina Fioravanti, Edoardo Monfrini, Giulia Toschi, Giacomo Portaro, Giacomo Argenziano, Ruggero Bacchin, Jessica Rossi and 25 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

35 authors.

Giulia Di Rauso *Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-9311
Alessandro Ghibellini *Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy.
Sara GrisantiClinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Valentina FioravantiNeurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Edoardo MonfriniFoundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.
Giulia ToschiNeurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Giacomo PortaroNeurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Giacomo ArgenzianoNeurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Ruggero BacchinNeurology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy.
Jessica RossiNeurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Rossella SabadiniNeurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Valeria FerrariNeurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Andrea MelpignanoPresidio Ospedaliero Fidenza AUSL Parma, Fidenza, Italy.
Francesca PacilloPresidio Ospedaliero Fidenza AUSL Parma, Fidenza, Italy.
Maria ScaranoDipartimento di Cure Primarie, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL) Modena, Modena, Italy.
Anna GroppiNeurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Luca GherardiniSano centre for computational personalised medicine, Personal Health Data Science Team, Krakow, Poland.
Chiara LucchiDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Giuseppe BiaginiDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Sara MontepietraNeurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Maria Chiara MalagutiNeurology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy.
Isabella CampaniniLAM-Motion Analysis Laboratory, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Andrea MerloLAM-Motion Analysis Laboratory, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Andrea CastellucciOtolaryngology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Angelo GhidiniOtolaryngology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Alessandro FraternaliNuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Annibale VersariNuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Augusto ScaglioniCentro S. Maria ai Servi, Fondazione Don Gnocchi, Parma, Italy.
Jefri J PaulCENTOGENE GmbH, Rostock, Germany.
Luciano BononiDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy.
Maurizio GabbrielliDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy.
Alessio Di FonzoFoundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-026X
Peter BauerCENTOGENE GmbH, Rostock, Germany.
Francesco CavallieriNeurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5836-1982
Franco ValzaniaNeurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Funding

International Research Agendas Programme of the Foundation for Polish Science MAB PLUS/2019/13Italian Ministry of Health-Ricerca 857533Minister of Science and Higher Education MEiN/2023/DIR/3796
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGBA1 variants are the major genetic risk factor for Parkinson's Disease (PD) and account for 5-30% of PD cases depending on the population and age at onset of the disease.

objectivesThe aim of this study was to assess whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) could predict GBA1-mutated genotype in PD (GBA1-PD). Particularly, the main objective was to identify a Machine Learning (ML) model capable of accurately providing a pre-test estimate of GBA1-mutated status, relying on the clinical and demographic variables with the highest predictive value.

methodsA cohort of GBA1-PD patients has been paired with non-mutated PD (NM-PD). The dataset comprised 58 GBA1-PD and 58 NM-PD, for each of whom 124 features were recorded. A Leave-One-Out cross-validation method was employed for testing and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for examine each feature's contribution. XGBoost resulted the most effective ML model for this supervised classification task.

resultsThrough AI, we developed a model based on four specific clinical features with significant impact in predicting GBA1-mutated genotype with an accuracy of 73%, reaching 94% in a subset of patients where the model has a SHAP confidence level greater than 80%. These variables included family history and scores for cognitive (MDS-UPDRS 1.1) and motor impairment (MDS-UPDRS 3.8a and 3.8b and rigidity subscore).

conclusionsThis study underlies the potential of AI in enhancing targeted genetic screening in PD, especially in clinical settings where resources are limited. Main limitations of this study are the modest sample size and lack of external validation. Further studies on larger, independent cohorts are needed to refine the predictive model.

Indexed as

Artificial Intelligencebeta-GlucosidaseGlucosylceramidaseMutationParkinson DiseaseAgedCohort StudiesFemaleGenotypeHumansMachine LearningMaleMiddle Agedbeta-GlucosidaseGBA protein, humanGlucosylceramidaseartificial intelligenceGBA1machine learningParkinson's disease

Identifiers

PMID40922551
PMCPMC12911450

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.