ArticleAnnals of botany2026
Away from the primary domestication centre, the far-west diversification area of the olive tree: towards the management of Moroccan natural resources.
Article in Annals of botany, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Diffuse and regionally structured domestication of the common fig (Horticulture research · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsOlive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea) is one of the most widespread woody crops in the Mediterranean Basin, existing in two forms, namely the wild (or oleaster) and the cultivated olive (varieties). In its south-westernmost distribution range, Morocco is an area of primary interest, as it is both a genetic hotspot for wild olives and a diversification centre for the cultivated form. This study aimed to deepen understanding of the evolutionary history of olive trees in this geographical area.
methodsA total of 221 oleasters from 25 populations across eight geographical regions were collected along a north-south gradient and analysed using both nuclear and plastid DNA markers, alongside 306 well-known Mediterranean olive varieties. The genetic status of wild olives and the environmental factors potentially driving their genetic structure were investigated. KEY
resultsLocal wild olives and Mediterranean varieties displayed similar levels of genetic diversity and richness, while local oleasters were mostly assigned to a distinct gene pool. Two seed-propagated olive forms were genetically identified: genuinely wild and feral olives near olive cropping areas, suggesting gene flow between wild and clonally propagated olives. The E3 matrilineage was predominant in north-western Morocco, with endemic haplotypes supporting the assumption that this region served as a long-term refugium for the oleaster. A north-south genetic structure of genuine wild olives was revealed, likely driven by an ancient split in their distribution due to palaeoclimatic and palaeobiogeographical factors, further influenced by human activities.
conclusionsEnvironmental and anthropogenic factors, including climate and human-driven land-use changes, may have shaped the current distribution of wild olive populations in the extreme south-western Mediterranean Basin. In the context of ongoing climate changes, understanding evolutionary history and identifying diversity hotspots are crucial for guiding efforts to develop cost-effective conservation strategies of natural resources.
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