ReviewJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2025
Gallbladder Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Diffuse β-hCG Expression: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Review in Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
purposeGallbladder squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare subtype of gallbladder malignancy, comprising only 1-4% of cases. Ectopic expression of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) has been described in various epithelial cancers and is associated with aggressive behavior. We report the first known case of gallbladder SCC with diffuse β-hCG expression and markedly elevated serum β-hCG levels, aiming to explore its clinicopathological implications and potential as a prognostic biomarker.
methodsWe present the clinical, radiologic, surgical, and pathological findings of a patient with a large gallbladder mass. A literature review was conducted to contextualize our findings.
resultsThe patient underwent open cholecystectomy with hepatic segment IVb/V resection. Final pathology revealed poorly differentiated SCC with acantholytic features and diffuse β-hCG immunoreactivity. Two metastatic lymph nodes were identified in the low hepatoduodenal nodal basin. Postoperative serum β-hCG was significantly elevated. Despite surgical resection, the patient experienced rapid disease recurrence and progression.
conclusionThis case represents the first documented instance of β-hCG-expressing gallbladder SCC. Diffuse β-hCG expression may reflect a dedifferentiated and aggressive tumor phenotype associated with early metastasis and poor prognosis. Further studies are warranted to investigate the prognostic and biological significance of β-hCG in gallbladder SCC and its potential role as a biomarker.
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