ArticleBMJ open2025
Effectiveness of virtual reality in alleviating anxiety and pain during colonoscopy: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionColonoscopy is often associated with significant patient pain and anxiety. Virtual reality (VR) technology has been widely used to alleviate pain and anxiety in patients undergoing invasive surgeries. However, there is a lack of reliable evidence supporting its effectiveness in reducing pain and anxiety in patients undergoing colonoscopy. We aim to conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of VR in alleviating pain and anxiety in patients undergoing colonoscopy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to August 2024 for randomised controlled trials evaluating VR interventions for patients undergoing colonoscopy, without language restrictions. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, extract data and assess the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The primary outcomes will be patient-reported pain and anxiety. A meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan V.5.4, with subgroup and meta-regression analyses to explore potential heterogeneity. The certainty of the evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review does not require ethical approval, given that it will not directly utilize information from human participants-instead, the data to be used will be extracted from original studies. Additionally, this systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Following the completion of the systematic review and meta-analysis, we intend to publish the study in an academic journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024580998.
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