ArticlePloS one2025
Unraveling the functional landscape of ATRA- and DMSO-differentiated HL-60 cells.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nuclear remodeling and optimal migration emerge early, and constriction-passage progressively improves during hematopoietic stem cells to neutrophils differentiation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Beyond the Human Body: Models for Studying Neutrophil Biology.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Plasmodium falciparum subverts neutrophil function via host miR-451a loaded extracellular vesicles driving bacterial and fungal superinfection susceptibility.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Protocol to investigate the role of NETosis in health and disease via a high-throughput neutrophil-like model using quantitative imaging.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- An optimized method to differentiate HL60 cells into neutrophil-like cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- AN OPTIMIZED METHOD TO DIFFERENTIATE HL60 CELLS INTO NEUTROPHIL-LIKE CELLS.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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Abstract
The short lifespan of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in vitro poses challenges, as their limited viability restricts functional assays and experimental manipulations. The HL-60 cell line serves as a valuable model for neutrophil-like differentiation, yet the functional relevance of ATRA- and DMSO-induced differentiation remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the differentiation potential of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on HL-60 cells and compare their functionality with primary PMNs. Besides that, we performed profound immunophenotypes of the cells with multicolor cytometry, and evaluated their antitumor capabilities. Our findings indicate that both differentiation conditions yield cells resembling immature neutrophils, exhibiting promyelocyte-like morphology, lacking key maturity markers. However, ATRA-differentiated cells exhibit a more mature phenotype, with higher expression of C/EBPα and reduced proliferation rates, indicating advanced differentiation. Functionally, ATRA-dHL-60 cells displayed limited immune responses, showing minimal phagocytic activity, low ROS production, and a reduced response to LPS. In contrast, DMSO-dHL-60 cells, despite their less mature phenotype, showed enhanced NET formation, and tumor-promoting potential. Additionally, DMSO-dHL-60 cells demonstrated superior adhesion and migration abilities, likely due to increased expression of CD18 and CD31. Overall, different differentiation conditions shape the functional specialization of HL-60 cells, with ATRA promoting a more neutrophil-like maturation and moderate activation, while DMSO results in a more immature phenotype with enhanced NET formation. These distinct properties suggest that ATRA-dHL-60 cells may better model neutrophils in chronic inflammation, whereas DMSO-dHL-60 cells could be more suitable for studying NETosis-driven autoimmune, thrombotic disorders and cancer.
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