ArticlePloS one2025
Experimental study on polymer friction composite with natural friction modifiers for brake pads.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increasing concern over environmental pollution from brake dust and the adverse impacts of conventional brake pad materials, such as metallic, semi-metallic, and ceramic composites, has prompted the exploration of more sustainable alternatives. Traditional brake pads release harmful non-exhaust emissions that contribute to air pollution and wear down quickly, posing both environmental and operational challenges. This study investigates the development and performance evaluation of polymer friction composites enhanced with natural friction modifiers sourced from agricultural waste materials like walnut shell, coconut shell, and groundnut shell powders. These materials were selected for their biodegradability, lightweight properties, and cost-effectiveness. Three types of polymer reinforced composites-WPRC (Walnut Powder Reinforced Composite), CNPRC (Coconut Shell Powder Reinforced Composite), and GNPRC (Groundnut Shell Powder Reinforced Composite)-were manufactured according to ASTM G99 standards. A pin-on-disc tribometer or an L27 Taguchi experimental setup were used to measure friction and wear. The tests showed that WPRC had the best general performance of all the composites that were tried. It had stable coefficients of friction and a low specific wear rate. The results indicate that natural friction modifiers could improve the environmental and operational performance of polymer composites, by replacing existing brake pad materials with a more environmentally friendly alternative.
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