ArticleAnnals of neurology2026
Comparative Safety Profiles of Ocrelizumab and Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Real-World Evidence.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ten Years of Ocrelizumab in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: The OPERA I and II Randomized Clinical Trials.JAMA neurology · 2026Article
- Comparable Infection Risk of Ocrelizumab and Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis in a Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Rituximab Versus Ocrelizumab in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Finnish Population-Based Matched Cohort Study.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Reply to "Comparative Safety Profiles of Ocrelizumab and Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Real-World Evidence".Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Age, Low Immunoglobulin G, and M Serum Levels Predict Infections in People With AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD Treated With Rituximab-A Multicenter Cohort Study From the German Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS).European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- An agentic AI framework connecting language models to electronic health records and a biomedical knowledge graph for real-world evidence.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Positioning siponimod and the post-treatment gap: the unmet needs of SPMS patients in Italian real-world practice.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Real-world comparison of anti-CD20 therapies: efficacy, infections, and immune profiles in a German cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Present and Future of Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the long-term safety profiles of ocrelizumab and rituximab in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).
methodsUsing retrospective data from the University of California (UC) Health System, we simulated a target clinical trial. The primary cohort from UC San Francisco (UCSF) and a validation cohort from 5 other UC Medical Centers were analyzed. After applying exclusion criteria and propensity score matching based on disease characteristics, demographics, and socioeconomic factors, we compared UCSF patients receiving ocrelizumab (n = 542) and rituximab (n = 271)and validated in the UC-wide MS population (n = 486 and n = 162 patients, respectively). The primary outcome was an all-cause hospitalization rate; secondary outcomes included hypogammaglobulinemia development and infection incidence.
resultsRituximab showed higher all-cause hospitalization rates compared to ocrelizumab in both UCSF (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37-3.82, p = 0.001) and UC-wide cohorts (IRR = 4.54, 95% CI = 4.30-7.61, p < 0.001). Cumulative hazard ratios (HRs) were similarly elevated with rituximab at UCSF (HR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.37-3.75, p = 0.001) and UC-wide (HR = 4.01, 95% CI = 2.25-6.32, p < 0.001). The risk of developing hypogammaglobulinemia was higher with rituximab at both UCSF (HR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.18-6.29, p = 0.003) and UC-wide (HR = 4.79, 95% CI = 2.04-11.25, p < 0.001).
interpretationA more favorable safety profile was observed for ocrelizumab, with lower rates of hospitalization and hypogammaglobulinemia across 2 independent cohorts. These findings may help guide treatment strategies in persons with MS. ANN NEUROL 2026;99:248-260.
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