ReviewFrontiers in surgery2025
Impact of sex hormones on postoperative outcomes in plastic surgery: a narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Can 8-week Male Rat Data Guide Female Facial Thread Lifts?Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Preoperative low Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index increases intensive care unit admission risk in patients undergoing gastrointestinal tumor surgery.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Since 1929, when scientists first identified estrogen in urine and coined the term "sex hormones," these vital steroid hormones have been recognized for their critical role in tissue repair and wound healing. This is particularly evident in the postoperative recovery of plastic surgery patients. While the effects of sex hormones differ between males and females, their mechanisms in wound healing, angiogenesis, and collagen regulation have drawn significant attention. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes key literature from four databases including PubMed (up to 2024) focusing on the effects of sex hormones on healing after plastic surgery.Key terms such as "sex hormones," "tissue repair," and "postoperative recovery" were used. The analysis highlights the differential roles of estrogen and testosterone in skin healing, angiogenesis, and inflammatory responses. Additionally, it explores the effects of sex, age, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in transgender patients on surgical outcomes.The main target audience of this article is professional surgeons and endocrinologists, medical students and scientific researchers. Results: Existing evidence suggests that estrogen enhances wound healing by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stimulating angiogenesis, and playing a pivotal role in collagen regulation. Testosterone may influence fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis, although its effects vary by sex and age. Postmenopausal women exhibit diminished healing capacity due to decreased estrogen levels, whereas transgender patients undergoing HRT show improved postoperative recovery. Conclusion: Sex hormones significantly influence postoperative recovery in plastic surgery. The distinct mechanisms of estrogen and testosterone in wound healing provide valuable insights for personalized medical approaches, optimizing surgical outcomes across diverse patient populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.