ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2025
Prussian Blue Nanoparticle-Induced Alteration of the Polarization State of Tumor-Associated Macrophages as a Substantial Antitumor Mechanism Against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC).
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Smart Theranostic Nanoplatforms in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Integrating Diagnosis, Targeted Therapy and Synergistic Photothermal/Photodynamic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Experimental Models and Nanotechnology-Based Platforms in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Tumor Biology to Translational Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Advancements in Bimetallic Metal-Organic Frameworks for Oral Medicine.International dental journal · 2026Review
- Advancing prussian blue nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy through machine learning and multiomics integration.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a poor prognosis due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), in which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in promoting disease progression and therapeutic resistance. This study examines whether Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) could reprogram TAMs and block tumor-stroma communication in OSCC. Methods: PB NPs were synthesized using polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted coprecipitation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In vitro, their effects on macrophage polarization were assessed via immunofluorescence, Western blotting (CD206/CD86), and ELISA (TGF-β1/IL-6/TNF-α). The impact on OSCC-macrophage interaction was evaluated using CCK-8 assays, transwell co-culture systems with conditioned media. In vivo, xenograft-bearing mice were used to assess PB NP effects on OSCC-TAM crosstalk. Tumor growth, Ki67 proliferation index, and TAM phenotypes (CD206 Results: PB NPs (diameter 57.43 ± 22.25 nm; zeta potential -17.36mV) were successfully made and showed good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, they shifted M2 TAMs toward anti-tumor M1 phenotypes, reducing CD206 and TGF-β1 while increasing CD86 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α). This change disrupted OSCC-TAM communication, limiting tumor growth and migration. In vivo, PB NPs reduced tumor volume, lowered the Ki67 Conclusion: Prussian blue nanoparticles effectively modulate the immunosuppressive TME in OSCC by shifting TAM polarization from the pro-tumor M2 phenotype to the anti-tumor M1 phenotype, thereby interrupting critical tumor-stroma interactions. Given their intrinsic immunomodulatory properties and favorable biosafety profile, PB NPs represent a promising and safe therapeutic strategy targeting the TME in OSCC.
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