Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40918765›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Investigating the Effects of Meditation, Nature Sounds, and Music on the Patient Experience During Intravitreal Injections.

Renae A Tessem, Alexander B Dillon, Boss Le, Justin Hanson, Maggie Hui, Lexy Anderson, Ami Tamhaney, Fei Yu, Moritz S Pettenkofer, Tara A McCannel

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In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Renae A TessemOphthalmology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA.
Alexander B DillonVitreoretinal Surgery Service, Kaiser Permanente, Vallejo, USA.
Boss LeOphthalmology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA.
Justin HansonOphthalmology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA.
Maggie HuiOphthalmology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA.
Lexy AndersonOphthalmology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA.
Ami TamhaneyOphthalmology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA.
Fei YuBiostatistics Division, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, USA.
Moritz S PettenkoferRetina Division, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, USA.
Tara A McCannelRetina Division, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three brief interventions (spoken/guided meditation, nature sounds, or music) on patients' subjective experience with intravitreal injections (IVIs).

methodsA total of 121 consecutive patients were randomized into four cohorts: spoken/guided meditation (n = 31), nature sounds (n = 30), music (classical or jazz, n = 30), and control (n = 30). Subjective anxiety levels were recorded prior to and following a three- to five-minute intervention in the first three study groups as well as following the IVI. Controls did not participate in an intervention prior to the injection. Subjective pain with the injection was recorded, as was patient satisfaction with the injection experience.

resultsAll three intervention cohorts experienced, on average, a 33% reduction in anxiety level after the intervention and prior to their IVI. While there was a trend toward lower post-intervention anxiety among those in the music cohort compared to controls, this difference did not reach statistical significance, nor was there a significant difference in pain or satisfaction across all groups, including controls. The number of prior intravitreal injections was mildly inversely correlated with pain in all subjects.

conclusionIn this study, brief pre-injection music and meditation interventions demonstrated intra-cohort anxiolytic effects, though they did not prove statistically effective at reducing anxiety or influencing perceptions of pain or patient satisfaction compared to control. We encourage further investigation into non-invasive methods for reducing pain and anxiety, as well as enhancing the patient experience during ophthalmologic procedures.

Indexed as

anxietyintravitreal injectionmeditationmusicpainpatient satisfaction

Identifiers

PMID40918765
PMCPMC12413921

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.