Flavonoid compound from

Introduction: Methods: Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap/MS) was employed to identification of FSL components. Publicly available GEO datasets were mined to identify HAdV-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). An integrated analysis of GEO datasets and network pharmacology to predict the key molecular targets of FSL flavonoids against HAdV. Ensemble molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations assessed the stability of flavonoid-protein interactions. In vitro antiviral assays quantified FSL's effect on HAdV replication, viral gene expression, and E1A protein levels. Flow cytometry and RT-qPCR examined cell cycle distribution and expression of cell-cycle regulators. Results: Thirty-nine active components were identified in FSL, predominantly organic acids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and lignans. An integrated analysis of GEO data revealed 990 adenovirus-associated DEGs, with network pharmacology and functional enrichment analyses further demonstrating FSL flavonoids' preferential targeting of cell cycle regulators. Discussion: These findings establish a pharmacological foundation for developing FSL-derived phytotherapeutics against adenoviral infections.