Transcatheter Arterial Embolization with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate-Lipiodol for Downsizing of the Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidneys: A Case Report with Long-term Evaluation.

This case report describes a 56-year-old woman with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and chronic renal failure who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate-Lipiodol before renal transplantation. Both kidneys were significantly enlarged, necessitating transcatheter arterial embolization to reduce renal volume and create space for transplantation. The right kidney volume decreased from 2520 to 1150 mL within 9 months after transcatheter arterial embolization, enabling successful transplantation. Long-term (37 months) follow-up demonstrated continued shrinkage of the transcatheter arterial embolization-treated right kidney and a spontaneous reduction in the non-transcatheter arterial embolization-treated left kidney. The reduction in renal volume achieved with transcatheter arterial embolization exceeded that reported for conventional methods using metal coils or ethanol. This case highlights the potential of as an effective embolizing agent for patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney undergoing renal transplantation.