Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40917890›Full record

ReviewElectrochemical energy reviews2025

Stimulating Efficiency for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Splitting Electrolyzers: From Material Design to Electrode Engineering.

Yu Zhu, Fei Guo, ShunQiang Zhang, Zichen Wang, Runzhe Chen, Guanjie He, Xueliang Sun, Niancai Cheng

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Electrochemical energy reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Confinement of PtSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yu ZhuInstitute of New Energy Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.
Fei GuoDepartment of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ UK.
ShunQiang ZhangInstitute of New Energy Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.
Zichen WangInstitute of New Energy Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.
Runzhe ChenCollege of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.
Guanjie HeDepartment of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ UK.
Xueliang SunInstitute of New Energy Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.
Niancai ChengInstitute of New Energy Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.ORCID 0000-0002-6358-5515

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are a promising technology for large-scale hydrogen production, yet their industrial deployment is hindered by the harsh acidic conditions and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in iridium-based electrocatalysts (IBEs), emphasizing novel optimization strategies to enhance both catalytic activity and durability. Specifically, we critically examine the mechanistic insights into OER under acidic conditions, revealing key degradation pathways of Ir species. We further highlight innovative approaches for IBE design, including (i) morphology and support engineering to improve stability, (ii) structure and phase modulation to enhance catalytic efficiency, and (iii) electronic structure tuning for optimizing interactions with reaction intermediates. Additionally, we assess emerging electrode engineering strategies and explore the potential of non-precious metal-based alternatives. Finally, we propose future research directions, focusing on rational catalyst design, mechanistic clarity, and scalable fabrication for industrial applications. By integrating these insights, this review provides a strategic framework for advancing PEMWE technology through highly efficient and durable OER catalysts. Graphical Abstract: In order to realize the efficient application of the industrial PEMWEs, material design strategies for stimulating the activity and stability capability of OER electrocatalysts are summarized, including (i) morphology/support effects, (ii) structure/phase engineering, (iii) electronic configuration/interaction. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism is deeply clarified, and electrode engineering and challenges of IBEs in practical PEMWE application are focused.

Indexed as

Activity and stabilityHydrogen energyIridium-based electrocatalystsOxygen evolution reactionWater electrolysis

Identifiers

PMID40917890
PMCPMC12413433

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.