ArticleGastro hep advances2025
All-Cause Mortality and Gastrointestinal Adverse Effects in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists vs Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors.
Article in Gastro hep advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are increasingly used in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with or without obesity. The incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects (AEs) of GLP-1RA in T2D is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate all-cause mortality and GI AEs in T2D patients treated with GLP-1RA compared to those treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i). Methods: A retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from the TriNetX Multi-Institutional Database (January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022). T2D patients on GLP-1RA were compared to those on SGLT-2i. Primary outcomes were incident GI AEs and all-cause mortality. 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to reduce confounding, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome. Results: The study included 3.2 million adults with T2D, with 104,947 prescribed a GLP-1RA compared with a matched cohort prescribed a SGLT-2i. After matching, baseline characteristics were similar, with a mean age of 62 ± 12 years and mean glycated hemoglobin of 8.0 ± 2.0%. About 30% of participants were from under-represented minority groups. At 24-month follow-up, patients prescribed a GLP-1RA had higher odds of being diagnosed with gastroparesis (GP) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) compared those prescribed a SGLT-2i, with aORs of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.11-1.38) for GP and 1.14 (95% CI, 1.11-1.18) for GERD. The risk of acute pancreatitis was lower in the GLP-1RA group. All-cause mortality at 24 months had an odds ratio of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.87) compared to SGLT-2i. Conclusion: After 24 months of follow-up, patients treated with a GLP-1RA had higher odds of GP and GERD compared to those treated with a SGLT-2i. However, the odds of acute pancreatitis were lower in the GLP-1RA group. All-cause mortality was reduced by 17% in the GLP-1RA group.
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