Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40917741›Full record

ArticleTransgender health2025

Gender Identity and Gender-Related Medical Outcomes of Autistic Young Adults Who Experienced Transgender Identity as Adolescents.

Lauren Baczewski, Laura Campos, Josh Lee, Christine Wu Nordahl, Anna I R van der Miesen, Lucy S McClellan, Sanam Parwani, Amy Tishelman, Minneh Song, John F Strang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Transgender health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Lauren BaczewskiCenter for Neuroscience, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Laura CamposCenter for Neuroscience, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-4535
Josh LeeMIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Christine Wu NordahlMIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Anna I R van der MiesenDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Lucy S McClellanDepartment of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.
Sanam ParwaniCenter for Neuroscience, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Amy TishelmanDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA.
Minneh SongCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
John F StrangCenter for Neuroscience, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Funding

Neurobehavioral Evaluation CoreP50HD105328 · NICHD · CHILDREN'S RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI LAUREN KENWORTHY · 2021 to 2026
$9.3M
Clinical and Translational Science Institute at Childrens National-Mentored Career Development CoreKL2TR001877 · NCATS · CHILDREN'S RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI LUBAN, NAOMI L · 2016 to 2020
$2.0M
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR001877NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD105328
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: We examined gender identity and gender-affirming care outcomes of autistic transgender adolescents followed into young adulthood, as well as relationships between gender-related medical care receipt and mental health across time. Methods: This longitudinal two-timepoint study was conducted between 2018 and 2024, with 4 years between timepoints. Twenty-seven autistic transgender youth participated, with one lost to follow-up. Measures included self-reported gender, interest in and receipt of gender-related medical care, LGBT-related stigma (via the LGBT Stigma Scale), and anxiety and depression symptoms (via the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment). Intelligence quotients were estimated using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-2. We employed data visualization of gender and gender-related care trajectories and multiple linear regression to understand the relationships between care trajectories and mental health. Results: Most youth remained gender-diverse at Time 2. Two of 26 identified as cisgender as young adults. Half of the sample moved toward nonbinary identities either as an additional component to a binary identity (e.g., transgender nonbinary woman) or shifted from a binary identity to a nonbinary identity. For those who wanted gender-related care, earlier care receipt was associated with a significant reduction in anxiety across time. Care timing was not significantly related to changes in depression across time. Conclusion: A majority of autistic gender-diverse youth (24/26; 92.3%) remained gender diverse into young adulthood. Unlike previous studies of autistic youth entering adulthood, which report worsening mental health, participants showed reductions in anxiety across time. Earlier receipt of gender-related care was associated with fewer anxiety symptoms at Time 2.

Indexed as

anxietyautismgender diversitynonbinaryoutcomestransgender

Identifiers

PMID40917741
PMCPMC12411087

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.