ArticleOncology letters2025
Quantitative analysis of lymphocyte exhaustion markers in patients with localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Article in Oncology letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a neoplastic disease associated with poor prognosis. Localized disease is successfully treated with nephrectomy; however, advanced disease often requires the combined use of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. To the best of our knowledge, there is no validated method to predict immunotherapy response and there is a lack of knowledge regarding the expression kinetics of exhaustion receptors in the early stages of ccRCC. In the present study, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the expression levels of five biomarkers associated with immune dysfunction [programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing-3 (TIM-3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)] in 20 patients diagnosed with localized ccRCC. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ccRCC tissue was highly positive for CD3, with low expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4. Based on flow cytometry, the infiltrating leukocytes were mostly CD8
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