Occurrence and concentration of zearalenone, nivalenol, and trichothecene in beers: a global systematic review and meta-analysis and health risk assessment.

Yadolah Fakhri, Vahid Ranaei, Zahra Pilevar, Amirhossein Mahmoudizeh, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Journal of food science and technology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

Prevalence and concentration of aflatoxins in sesame seeds: global systematic review and meta-analysis and human risk assessment.Mycotoxin research · 2026
Pooled it

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yadolah FakhriFood Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Vahid RanaeiSchool of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.

Zahra PilevarSchool of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.

Amirhossein MahmoudizehFood Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Amin Mousavi KhaneghahFaculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg, Russia 191002.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this study, the presence and concentration of Zearalenone (ZEN), Nivalenol (NIV), and trichothecene (T-2) in beer were analyzed, and non-carcinogenic risk was assessed using the target hazard quotient (THQ). The search was conducted in Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed until February 26, 2024. Seven articles with 46 data reports were included in the study. The combined occurrence of ZEN, NIV, and T-2 was 15.42% (95%CI: 4.01-31.69), 15.07% (95%CI: 2.73-33.41), and 6.60% (95%CI: 0.60-16.63), respectively. The combined ZEN, NIV, and T-2 concentrations were 13.67 ug/l, 13.41 ug/l, and 2.54 ug/l, respectively. The meta-regression analysis showed that the occurrence of ZEN, NIV, and T-2 decreased over time insignificantly ( Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-025-06367-z.

Indexed as

BeerMeta-analysisRisk assessmentZearalenone, nivalenol, and trichothecene

Identifiers

PMID40917230

DOI10.1007/s13197-025-06367-z

PMCPMC12411354

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.