ReviewNursing inquiry2025
Assaulting Medical Neutrality: Reflections on Attacks on Healthcare and Clinicians in the Two World Wars and Implications for Contemporary Conflicts.
Review in Nursing inquiry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- [War conflicts and health: the triple diagnosis of crisis, epidemic, and disaster].Atencion primaria · 2026Article
- Assaulting Medical Neutrality: Reflections on Attacks on Healthcare and Clinicians in the Two World Wars and Implications for Contemporary Conflicts.Nursing inquiry · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Wars in Ukraine, Sudan and the Middle East highlight that armed conflict is once more a significant geopolitical challenge across the world. An aspect of such wars is the deliberate violation of medical neutrality through the targeting of hospitals and clinical staff, including nurses, in breach of international law. Through a narrative review of documented cases, this article reflects on recurring themes in attacks on medical neutrality during the World Wars that resonate with contemporary wars. Within the current context of international rivalry, it is emphasised that the growing strategic and military significance of healthcare assets increases the likelihood that breaches of medical neutrality will take place in the future. Whilst consistent enforcement of international law, if implemented, may deter such breaches, the current environment of politics and conflict suggests that this is unlikely to happen when the influence of historical precedent is taken into account.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.