Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40916629›Full record

Trial reportGlobal health action2025

Implementation and evaluation of a family planning intervention engaging mothers-in-law of young women in India: a mixed methods pilot study.

Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, Usha Choudhary, Janelli Vallin, Debangana Das, Payal Sharma, Ankur Kachhwaha, Tamera Panjalingam, Richa Ruwala, Nadia Diamond-Smith

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Global health action, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06320964 (Feasibility and Acceptability of a Group-based Life Skills-integrated Reproductive Health Empowerment Intervention for Newly Married Women, Husbands, and Mothers-in-law), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06320964 nacompletednot on this map

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Group-based Life Skills-integrated Reproductive Health Empowerment Intervention for Newly Married Women, Husbands, and Mothers-in-law

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San FranciscoRan2023 to 2024Enrolled42ConditionsFeasibility, Acceptability, Family Planning, Unintended PregnancyArmsTARANG
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lakshmi GopalakrishnanInstitute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3226-9090
Usha ChoudharyVikalp Sansthan, Udaipur, India.
Janelli VallinInstitute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Debangana DasNeerman, Mumbai, India.
Payal SharmaOrange Tree Foundation, Jodhpur, India.
Ankur KachhwahaOrange Tree Foundation, Jodhpur, India.
Tamera PanjalingamSchool of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Richa RuwalaSchool of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Nadia Diamond-SmithInstitute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

The impact of group-based life skills and health empowerment for young, married, women to avoid unintended pregnancies in India.R01HD108252 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI NADIA GRIFFI DIAMOND-SMITH · 2022 to 2026
$3.0M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD108252
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite evidence that mothers-in-law (MILs) influence daughters-in-law's (DILs) fertility and family planning decisions in South Asia, emphasizing early fertility and male grandchildren, few reproductive health interventions engage MILs directly.

objectivesWe assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and qualitative impact of a reproductive health and life skill-based intervention on MILs in tribal Rajasthan, India, using a mixed-methods, single-group cluster pilot study.

methodsWe tested a light-touch four-session intervention delivered over 4 months to MILs of newly married women that covered MILs' health, conception, and communication with DILs and sons and addressed modern healthcare misconceptions, while challenging son preference and fertility norms. This MIL intervention was complemented by a broader 16-session curriculum for newly married women. In July 2023 and January 2024, 42 MILs participated in baseline and endline surveys. We conducted in-depth interviews with 13 MILs and 6 NGO staff members for qualitative insights and to understand barriers and facilitators to the intervention. We also analyzed the data using thematic analysis.

resultsOur results demonstrated the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention (80% attendance, 97.6% satisfaction, 97.6% retention rate). The qualitative findings revealed the impact of the intervention across multiple domains: improved reproductive health knowledge, better gender attitudes and attitudes towards modern healthcare practices, and positive changes in intergenerational relationships. Key implementation barriers included time constraints due to agricultural/household work, while family support and flexible scheduling facilitated participation.

conclusionOur findings challenge conventional approaches targeting young women, suggesting the value of including influential family members, such as mothers-in-law, in reproductive health interventions, particularly in societies with extended family structures. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06320964). Registered retrospectively on 13 March 2024, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06320964 IRB Approval number: 22 -37,173.

Indexed as

Family Planning ServicesMothersAdolescentAdultFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansIndiaMalePilot ProjectsReproductive HealthYoung Adultdaughters-in-lawgender equitable attitudesgender normsgender transformative programintergenerationallife skills and health empowermentmultigenerational interventionnewly married womenSouth Asia

Identifiers

PMID40916629
PMCPMC12418791

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.