Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40916465›Full record

ArticleTransfusion2025

Incidence and window period residual risk of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in United States blood donations, 2017 to 2023: The transfusion-transmissible infections monitoring system.

Emilya Huseynova, James Haynes, Edward P Notari, Brian Custer, Rita Reik, Jed Gorlin, Artur Belov, Benyam Hailu, Barbee Whitaker, Roger Y Dodd and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Transfusion, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Emilya HuseynovaTransfusion Safety and Surveillance, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9106-1858
James HaynesTransfusion Safety and Surveillance, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Edward P NotariTransfusion Safety and Surveillance, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Brian CusterDepartment of Epidemiology, Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.
Rita ReikOneBlood, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA.
Jed GorlinPhysician Services, New York Blood Center Enterprises, New York, New York, USA.
Artur BelovCenter for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-1224
Benyam HailuNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Barbee WhitakerCenter for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Roger Y DoddTransfusion Safety and Surveillance, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Susan L StramerInfectious Disease Consultant, North Potomac, Maryland, USA.

Funding

U.S. Food and Drug Administration
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Transfusion-Transmissible Infections Monitoring System assesses trends in ~60% of the US blood supply. Donors with high-risk behaviors, including injection drug use, men having sex with other men, or exchanging sex for money/drugs were deferred for 12 months (12M) from 2016 to 2020 and 3 months (3M) from 2020 to 2023. Here we evaluate HIV, HBV, and HCV incidence and window-period residual risk (WPRR) in two ~3-year periods of 12M (2017-2020) and 3M (2020-2023) to identify any differences.

methodsFirst-time (FT), repeat (RPT), and overall weighted incidence/100,000 person-years (phtpy) for HIV, HBV, and HCV were estimated based on serology and nucleic acid test results. WPRR was calculated by multiplying respective incidence by agent-specific WP. Fisher's exact test evaluated incidence changes between the two periods (α = 0.05).

resultsOverall weighted incidence for HIV, HBV, and HCV was 2.22, 1.59, and 0.53 phtpy versus 1.03, 0.93, and 0.16 phtpy in 12M and 3M periods, respectively. Overall WPRR per 1,000,000 donations for HIV, HBV, and HCV was 0.45, 0.63, and 0.53 versus 0.23, 0.43, and 0.16 in 12M and 3M periods, respectively. All comparisons by agent and by period were significant (p < .01).

conclusionsDespite reducing donor deferral periods for many infectious risk behaviors, HIV, HBV, and HCV overall incidence declined from the 12M to 3M periods. WPRR also declined from 12M to 3M, remaining under 1 per 2,000,000 donations in the 3M period. Thus, changes in policy did not adversely impact the safety of the blood supply with respect to the major infectious disease agents.

Indexed as

Blood DonorsHepatitis BHepatitis CHIV InfectionsTransfusion ReactionAdultBlood DonationBlood SafetyFemaleHepacivirusHepatitis B virusHumansIncidenceMaleUnited States

Identifiers

PMID40916465
PMCPMC13159562

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.