Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40916174›Full record

ArticleKorean journal of medical education2025

Structured oral clinical assessment for pharmacotherapy competencies in medical education: a study of validity and reliability analyses of seven domains.

Abdul Khairul Rizki Purba, David Sontani Perdanakusuma, Arifa Mustika, Tanja Fens, Maarten Jacobus Postma

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Korean journal of medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Abdul Khairul Rizki PurbaMedical Education Master Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
David Sontani PerdanakusumaDepartment of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Arifa MustikaDivision of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Tanja FensDepartment of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Maarten Jacobus PostmaDepartment of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Funding

Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo develop and validate a structured oral clinical assessment (SOCA) tool to evaluate pharmacotherapy competencies among medical students during clinical clerkships.

methodsThe instrument was designed around seven core pharmacotherapy domains. A total of 30 pharmacology experts participated in the face and content validity assessments. The cognitive complexity was evaluated using Bloom's taxonomy. Nine trained examiners assessed 77 clerkship students using the SOCA tool. Construct validity was tested using Spearman correlation, whereas inter-rater reliability was analyzed using Cohen's kappa and Krippendorff's alpha. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.

resultsAll items showed strong content validity (item-level content validity index and face validity index=1.00). Most questions reflected moderate to high cognitive complexity (Bloom's C2-C5). Construct validity was supported by significant domain-total score correlations (r=0.406-0.750; p<0.05). Inter-rater reliability was substantial (kappa=0.651-0.830; Krippendorff's alpha=0.639-0.834), and internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha=0.759).

conclusionThe SOCA tool has strong validity and reliability for evaluating pharmacotherapy competence through oral clinical examination. It offers a structured, feasible alternative to existing formats and has the potential for broader use following external validation.

Indexed as

Clinical ClerkshipClinical CompetenceDrug TherapyEducational MeasurementEducation, MedicalEducation, Medical, UndergraduateFemaleHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsStudents, MedicalClinical clerkshipClinical competenceEducational measurementMedicinePharmacotherapyProfessional education

Identifiers

PMID40916174
PMCPMC12415394

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