ReviewDrug delivery and translational research2025
Current status of Liraglutide delivery systems for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Review in Drug delivery and translational research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Next-Generation Bioinspired Microneedle Systems for Peptide Delivery: Bridging Design and Translational Medicine.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Oral GLP-1-Based Therapeutics in the Obesity-Metabolic Syndrome-Diabetes Continuum: Translational Advances, Clinical Barriers, and Emerging Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder of increasing global concern. Characterized by constantly elevated levels of glucose, severe β-cell dysfunction, and insulin resistance, it is the cause of a major burden on patients if not managed with therapeutic and lifestyle changes. The human body is slowly developing tolerance to many marketed antidiabetic drugs and the quest for the discovery of newer molecules continues. Liraglutide is a prominent GLP-1 receptor agonist which is administered daily via subcutaneous injection. In addition to lowering HbA1c levels, it is also known for promoting weight loss and improving cardiovascular outcomes. A variety of novel formulation strategies have been explored to improve its bioavailability and patient compliance. To address these limitations, various advanced drug delivery systems have been investigated, including polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanocarriers, biodegradable microparticles, hydrogels, and dissolvable microneedles. These systems aim to prolong drug release, enhance mucosal penetration, increase stability, and reduce dosing frequency. While many of these platforms show promise in preclinical and early clinical studies, critical translational barriers remain. These include challenges in large-scale manufacturing, ensuring formulation sterility, achieving regulatory approval, and maintaining stability during storage and distribution.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the formulation strategies developed for liraglutide delivery, critically examines their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, and evaluates the current state of clinical translation. By identifying both the potential and the limitations of these delivery technologies, the article aims to inform future research directions in GLP-1-based therapeutics and improve treatment outcomes for patients with T2DM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40914786What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.