ReviewClinical medicine (London, England)2025
Challenges in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Review in Clinical medicine (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The 2026 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of children, young people and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Guideline
- Differential methylation of immune-related genes and its clinical significance in systemic lupus erythematosus: insights from TET2, FOXP3, and IFI44L genes.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Harnessing AI and social media to understand real-world patient experiences in SLE.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Real-world validation of the SLERPI diagnostic model with concordance and discordance analysis across established SLE classification criteria.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- The immunomodulatory potential of bradykinin signaling in autoimmune conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenesis of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: from innate and adaptive dysregulation to clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Medicine's beauty lies in lifelong learning, reflection and research.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a lifelong, complex, multi-system, autoimmune condition which can occur at any age, most commonly in female adults in their reproductive years. Diagnosis is often delayed, with reported time from symptom onset to diagnosis as long as 6 years. Delayed diagnosis can result in irreversible organ damage, acute hospital admission, poor health-related outcomes and increased risk of mortality. SLE is a clinical diagnosis that requires a combination of clinical and immunological features attributable to lupus. Classification criteria have undergone several revisions and can be used to guide diagnosis. This article will review challenges in making a timely diagnosis of SLE, including heterogeneity of clinical and immunological features, disease mimickers, problems with diagnostic tests, and difficulties faced by general physicians and rheumatologists, with the aim to update knowledge among general physicians on clinical presentations and when to refer suspected patients to specialists.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.