Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40913715›Full record

ArticleProbiotics and antimicrobial proteins2026

Synergistic Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Growth, Immunity, Enzymatic Indices, Immune Gene Expression, and Survival of Labeo rohita Fry in a Biofloc Culture System.

Pushpa Choudhary, Debaprasad Rath, Shweta Priyadarshini Dash, Rakhi Kumari, Chinmayee Muduli, Rakesh Das

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. DietaryFrontiers in immunology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Pushpa ChoudharyICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India. pushpafpm@gmail.com.
Debaprasad RathICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India.
Shweta Priyadarshini DashICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India.
Rakhi KumariICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India.
Chinmayee MuduliICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India.
Rakesh DasICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of probiotics Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Labeo rohita fry within a biofloc culture system (BFC). The experimental design consisted of four treatment groups: control (BFC only), T1 (BFC + B. subtilis), T2 (BFC + B. amyloliquefaciens), and T3 (BFC + B. subtilis + B. amyloliquefaciens), each in triplicate. Molasses was added to maintain an optimal C:N ratio of 15:1. Over an 11-week period, the inclusion of probiotics resulted in significant improvements in weight gain, survival, digestive enzyme activities, and immune responses, with the T3 group showing the most pronounced effects. Probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced immune parameters, liver antioxidative activities, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant molecules, particularly in the T3 group. Additionally, there was a non-significant difference between concentration of glucose and cortisol levels in treatments and control; however, the control group showed highest glucose and cortisol among treatments. After the challenge study with Aeromonas hydrophila, the highest relative percentage survival (RPS) was observed in T3 (50%), followed by T2 (33.34%) and T1 (16.67%). These findings underscore the synergistic benefits of using a combination of probiotics in biofloc systems for enhancing the growth, immunity, and survival of L. rohita fry.

Indexed as

Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus subtilisCyprinidaeFish DiseasesProbioticsAeromonas hydrophilaAnimal FeedAnimalsAquacultureGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsAquacultureImmune gene expressionInnate immunityProbiotics

Identifiers

PMID40913715

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.