Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40913406›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2026

Sampling of non-Gaussian Ensemble Average Propagators for the simulation of diffusion magnetic resonance images.

Justino R Rodríguez-Galván, Pablo Villacorta-Aylagas, Susana Merino-Caviedes, Federico Simmross-Wattenberg, Carlos Castillo-Passi, Pablo Irarrazaval, Antonio Tristán-Vega, Carlos Alberola-López

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Justino R Rodríguez-GalvánLaboratorio de Procesado de Imagen (LPI), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2390-5390
Pablo Villacorta-AylagasLaboratorio de Procesado de Imagen (LPI), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Susana Merino-CaviedesLaboratorio de Procesado de Imagen (LPI), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Federico Simmross-WattenbergLaboratorio de Procesado de Imagen (LPI), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Carlos Castillo-PassiPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6227-0477
Pablo IrarrazavalPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5186-2642
Antonio Tristán-VegaLaboratorio de Procesado de Imagen (LPI), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4614-2501
Carlos Alberola-LópezLaboratorio de Procesado de Imagen (LPI), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3684-0055

Funding

Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2020-115339RB-I00Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2021-124407NB-I00Agencia Estatal de Investigación RTI2018-094569-B-I00ESAOTE Ltd. 18IQBM
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose(a) To design a methodology for drawing random samples of any Ensemble Average Propagator (EAP) (b) to modify the KomaMRI simulator to accommodate them as realistic spin movements to simulate diffusion MRI (dMRI) and (c) to compare these simulations with those based on the Diffusion Tensor (DT) model. THEORY AND

methodsThe rejection method is used for random sampling of EAPs: starting from a probability law that is easily sampled, and whose density function wraps the target EAP, samples are accepted when they lie inside the targeted region. This is used to sample the EAP as described by Mean Apparent Propagator MRI (MAP-MRI) and in Spherical Convolution (SC) based on Spherical Harmonics (SH). With this methodology, MAP-MRI and SC representations are calculated over in-vitro pig hearts images, and a simulation of a pulsed-gradient spin echo (PGSE) dMRI sequence inside the myocardial wall is undertaken with the KomaMRI simulator.

resultsMAP-MRI shows better agreement with the actual acquisition than conventional DT-based simulations, in terms of Mean Squared Errors and correlation with improvements up to 1.7 % for the former and 2.2 % for the latter.

conclusiondMRI sequences can be simulated accurately (yet, efficiently) if phantoms with a proper per-spin description of the diffusion process are made available. Moreover, our findings suggest that the study of non-Gaussian diffusion of the heart might be feasible, at least in vitro.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingHeartImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedAnimalsComputer SimulationImage EnhancementModels, StatisticalNormal DistributionReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificitySwinediffusion MRIEnsemble Average PropagatorMRI simulatorsrandom sampling

Identifiers

PMID40913406
PMCPMC12681318

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.