Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40913373›Full record

Trial reportSubstance use & addiction journal2025

Healthcare Expenditures Associated With Implementing an External Facilitation Program to Increase the Prescribing of Medications Used for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder Among Veterans.

Aryan Esmaeili, Hildi J Hagedorn, Carla C Garcia, Ann Bangerter, Allison M Gustavson, Marie E Kenny, Wendy Miller, Princess E Ackland, Barbara A Clothier, Siamak Noorbaloochi and 2 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Substance use & addiction journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Aryan EsmaeiliHealth Economics Resource Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8404-741X
Hildi J HagedornCenter for Care Delivery & Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Carla C GarciaHealth Economics Resource Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Ann BangerterCenter for Care Delivery & Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Allison M GustavsonCenter for Care Delivery & Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Marie E KennyCenter for Care Delivery & Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Wendy MillerCenter for Care Delivery & Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Princess E AcklandCenter for Care Delivery & Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Barbara A ClothierCenter for Care Delivery & Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Siamak NoorbaloochiCenter for Care Delivery & Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Adam J GordonVulnerable Veteran Innovative PACT (VIP) Initiative, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center (IDEAS), Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Mark BounthavongHealth Economics Resource Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7343-9458

Funding

HSRD VA I01 HX002156
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo address the opioid use disorder (OUD) public health crisis, the ADvancing Pharmacological Treatments for OUD (ADaPT-OUD) external facilitation randomized trial was conducted in 8 intervention and 27 matched control low-performing Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities to increase the prescribing of medications for OUD (MOUD). Facilities were considered low-performers if they were in the bottom quartile of the facility ratio of Veterans with OUD who received MOUD. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the healthcare expenditures of Veterans with OUD who received care in ADaPT-OUD intervention facilities compared to those receiving care in matched control facilities.

methodsDifference-in-differences (DID) design was used to compare the overall, outpatient, and inpatient expenditures (extracted from the VHA data warehouse) of Veterans diagnosed with OUD or receiving MOUD between the 2 groups 12 months before and after the intervention.

resultsA total of 7348 Veterans with a diagnosis of OUD or prescribed MOUD on at least 1 encounter 12 months after ADaPT-OUD intervention at all sites (92.39% male and 83.26% white) were included for analysis. ADaPT-OUD intervention did not have a substantial impact on overall healthcare costs. However, we reported 4% fewer total encounters in the intervention sites (DID, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.96 [0.92-1.00]) compared to the control sites, driven by a decline in non-VA services. Notably, the outpatient psychiatric-related costs were $391 (95% CI: $49-$733) higher per Veteran within the year after the intervention sites received external facilitation compared to control sites.

conclusionsVeterans at intervention sites with an OUD history had higher outpatient psychiatric-related costs, which could be explained by increased access to optimal mental health services at VHA. Improving access to OUD treatment at VA may lead to more coordinated and comprehensive treatment of both OUD and other associated mental health and physical comorbidities.

Indexed as

Health ExpendituresOpiate Substitution TreatmentOpioid-Related DisordersVeteransAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesUnited States Department of Veterans Affairscost analysisexternal facilitationimplementation sciencemedication for opioid use disorderopioid use disorder

Identifiers

PMID40913373
PMCPMC12416731

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.