ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2025
Kappa Free Light Chain Index in the Real World-Do We Miss Clinically Relevant Information by Skipping Oligoclonal Banding?
Article in European journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- External validation of KFLC index threshold for multiple sclerosis diagnosis in a French cohort.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Real-World Performance of CSF Kappa Free Light Chains in the 2024 McDonald Criteria.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- The Kappa Free Light Chains Index in Multiple Sclerosis: From Emerging Evidence to Clinical Application.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Beyond oligoclonal bands: the independent role of kappa free light chains in the diagnostic workup of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic value of the kappa free light chain index in multiple sclerosis under the 2024 CSF positivity criterion: a multicentre study in oligoclonal band-negative patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Optimized Kappa-Index Test Protocol to Detect Intrathecal Immunoglobulin Synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Kappa Free Light Chain Index in the Real World-Do We Miss Clinically Relevant Information by Skipping Oligoclonal Banding?European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Prognostic value of kappa free light chain index in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNo standardized strategy for integrating κ-free light chain (κ-FLC) index into routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnostics has yet been established.
objectiveTo determine agreement between κ-FLC index and CSF-restricted oligoclonal bands (OCB), and to identify κ-FLC index range where second-line OCB testing is needed.
methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted in patients who had κ-FLC measurement between December 2023 and December 2024 at the Medical University of Innsbruck. κ-FLC in CSF and serum was determined by nephelometry; OCB by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. The threshold for positivity was defined as ≥ 3 CSF-restricted bands for OCB and ≥ 6.1 for κ-FLC index.
resultsIn 632 included samples, κ-FLC index ranged from 0.5 to 971. Among 213 samples with κ-FLC index ≥ 3.5, 180 (85%) samples had a positive κ-FLC index and 148 (69%) positive OCB. Thirty-four (16%) samples showed discordant results. One sample was OCB positive/κ-FLC index negative, showing markedly elevated serum κ-FLC values. Thirty-three samples were OCB negative/κ-FLC index positive; of those, 4 samples had isolated intrathecal immunoglobulin M or A synthesis, and the remaining 29 discordant samples showed a median κ-FLC index of 8.7 (75th percentile: 10.3). The predictive value for OCB positivity exceeded 95% in the case of κ-FLC index > 20.
conclusionκ-FLC index shows high agreement with OCB. Discordant results were largely confined to κ-FLC index between 3.5 and 20 ("gray zone"). A reflex approach, that is, initial screening with κ-FLC index and in case of values within the "gray zone" performing OCB, seems reasonable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.