Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40913214›Full record

ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2025

Precision in Spinal Cord Injury Research: A Novel Electromagnetic Impactor for a Consistent Porcine Model.

Leonard Steger, Abdul Karim Ghaith, Carly Weber-Levine, Kayla Robinson, Christina Krueger, Constantin Smit, Siddharth Krishnan, Kelley M Kempski Leadingham, Daniel Davidar, Denis Routkevitch and 10 more

Abstract read
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Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Leonard Steger *Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Abdul Karim Ghaith *Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Carly Weber-LevineDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kayla RobinsonDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Christina KruegerRoot3 Labs, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Constantin SmitDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Siddharth KrishnanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kelley M Kempski LeadinghamDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Daniel DavidarDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Denis RoutkevitchDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kelly JiangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Victor QuirozDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Stuart BauerDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ruixing LiangDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Max KerenskyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ian SukDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Betty TylerDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Joshua C DoloffDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nicholas TheodoreDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Amir ManbachiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. amir.manbachi@jhu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0206-5230

Funding

Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM136577 · NIGMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ANDREA L COX · 2020 to 2026
$13.4M
Spinal Cord Injury: A Cardiovascular Perspective using UltrasoundF30HL168823 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Denis Routkevitch · 2024 to 2026
$164k
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency N660012024075National Science Foundation 1938939NHLBI NIH HHS F30 HL168823NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM136577NIH HHS F30HL168823NIH HHS T32GM136577
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeReplicating spinal cord injury (SCI) in large animals is necessary for evaluating translational therapeutics, yet there is currently no commercial, standardized device for inducing SCI. We present the fabrication and testing of a custom impactor device for producing repeatable contusion SCI in porcine models.

methodsThe device was built, and mechanical modeling was utilized for calibration. Benchtop verification measured impact force. Impact velocity and kinetic energy were calculated. The device was used to generate a contusion SCI model in 2 pigs and the results were compared to an uninjured pig. Ultrasound imaging and Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were used to confirm injury presence. The device was utilized in survival studies requiring a porcine SCI model and motor scores were collected at postoperative day 1 in 4 pigs.

resultsCharacterization revealed distinct impact velocities for each dial turn. This device further demonstrated repeatability and the potential for modulating injury severity on the benchtop. Impactor forces were demonstrated across a range from 12.8 to 67.6 N, with error between 0.2 and 0.7 N. Kinetic energy ranged from 0.045 to 0.338 J, with error between 0.0009 to 0.003 J. Intraoperative ultrasound imaging and histology of the spinal cord confirmed two injuries of different severity. The device produced a variety of injury severities through parameter modifications in survival studies assessed by the porcine neurological motor (PNM) score.

conclusionThis impactor device is a major advancement towards titratable contusions in large animal SCI models.

Indexed as

Disease Models, AnimalSpinal Cord InjuriesAnimalsFemaleSwineContusionImpactor devicePorcine modelSpinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID40913214
PMCPMC12575548

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.