Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40912675›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Medical Directors Association2025

Skilled Nursing Facility Population Characteristics and Length of Stay: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Morgan C Byrd, Anna Stark, Jennifer Head, Chin-Lin Su, Kristen Gibson, Elizabeth Salzman, Lona Mody, Betsy Foxman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Morgan C ByrdDepartment of Epidemiology, Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Anna StarkDepartment of Epidemiology, Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Jennifer HeadDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Institute for Global Change Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Chin-Lin SuDepartment of Internal Medicine, Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Kristen GibsonDepartment of Internal Medicine, Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Elizabeth SalzmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Lona ModyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Betsy FoxmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: bfoxman@umich.edu.

Funding

Research Education CoreP30AG024824 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Lona Mody, RAYMOND L YUNG · 2004 to 2026
$29.2M
Physician Scientist Training in Age-Related DiseasesT32AG062403 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MIN, LILLIAN CHIANG, MODY, LONA · 2020 to 2025
$2.7M
Preventing Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Aging Population: Translational Research and Training ProgramK24AG050685 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Lona Mody · 2015 to 2026
$1.4M
Modelled estimation of population immunity for coccidioidomycosis and the role of immunologically naïve populations in the shifting epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis in CaliforniaK01AI173529 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Jennifer Head · 2023 to 2026
$478k
AHRQ HHS R01 HS025451NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI173529NIA NIH HHS K24 AG050685NIA NIH HHS P30 AG024824NIA NIH HHS T32 AG062403
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesSkilled nursing facilities (SNFs) offer short-term, subacute care following injury or hospitalization, with Medicare fully covering stays ≤20 days. As the US population ages, SNF demand is increasing, yet this population remains poorly characterized. Prolonged stays increase pathogen exposure, with shared spaces and visitors potentially elevating viral transmission. We estimated the prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms, shared space use, and visitor frequency among SNF residents and their associations with length of stay (LOS).

designProspective cohort study. SETTINGS AND

participantsA total of 313 SNF residents enrolled in Tracking Acute Respiratory Illness in Older Adults (TARI) (April 2021-May 2023).

methodsParticipants were enrolled after SNF admission and followed every 3 days for up to 5 visits. Demographics, health behaviors, and medical history were collected, with respiratory symptoms and facility use assessed at each visit. We fitted lognormal survival models to evaluate associations between patient characteristics and LOS.

resultsParticipants averaged 77 years of age and 63.3% were women; 23.2% reported respiratory symptoms at entry, but prevalence declined over time. Other than rehabilitation services, few used shared spaces; 84% had visitors. Average LOS was 21.82 days. Dependence for activities of daily living [hazard ratio (HR) 1.63; 95% CI 1.42-1.86] and having a vascular access and/or surgical drain (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.09-1.73) were associated with significantly longer LOS, whereas older age and heart disease predicted shorter stays. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: We identify LOS predictors to aid in discharge planning and introduce the "healthy elder effect" hypothesis into literature.

Indexed as

Length of StaySkilled Nursing FacilitiesAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesUnited Statescumulative survival probabilitiesEpidemiologygeriatric medicinehuman aging

Identifiers

PMID40912675
PMCPMC13245112

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.