ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2025
Craving for opioid and cannabis use among adults with chronic pain: Insights from a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment of Pain in Older Adults Undergoing Auricular Point Acupressure for Chronic Low Back Pain: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Breaking the medication overuse headache cycle: from nociplastic pain mechanisms to patient-centered interventions - the Junior Editorial Board vision.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCraving is an aversive state and risk factor for progression to nonmedical substance use. The aims of this secondary analysis of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data were 1) to test whether craving was elevated on days of co-use of opioids and cannabis, and 2) to examine pain, pain catastrophizing, affect, and stress as risk factors for current and next-moment craving, among patients with chronic pain.
methodsAdults with chronic pain (N = 46) who used both opioids and cannabis were recruited online and completed a 30-day EMA study, consisting of four momentary surveys per day that assessed opioids and cannabis craving, use, pain and pain catastrophizing, affect, and stress. Linear mixed effects models estimated associations between pain, pain catastrophizing, affect, and stress with craving, at the same occasion and prospectively.
resultsMost participants experienced some craving, though about a third of participants included in analyses reported minimal or no craving for the duration of the study. Craving for opioids and cannabis was higher on days of co-use and in the context of greater pain catastrophizing; smaller effects were observed correlating pain intensity, affect, and stress to opioid and cannabis craving. In adjusted analyses, pain catastrophizing prospectively predicted future opioid craving, albeit the effect was small.
conclusionsThe findings highlight that subset of patients do not report experiencing craving, but those who do tend to experience craving on days with heightened pain intensity and catastrophizing. Future research should investigate the role of pain catastrophizing in craving among patients with chronic pain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.