Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40910289›Full record

ArticleRecent advances in drug delivery and formulation2026

Needle-Free Future: Revolutionizing Immunization with Vaccine Creams.

Dinesh Kumar, Vrinda Gupta, Rajni Tanwar, Sonia Gupta

Abstract readEditorial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Dinesh KumarSchool of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Amloh, Punjab, India.
Vrinda GuptaSchool of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Amloh, Punjab, India.
Rajni TanwarSchool of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Amloh, Punjab, India.
Sonia GuptaSwami Devi Dyal Group of Professional Institute, Panchkula, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

For centuries, injections have been the primary method for vaccination; however, these traditional approaches present challenges due to pain, fear, and difficulties in administration. Scientists from Stanford University have developed vaccine creams, representing a revolutionary approach to the field of vaccination. Genetically modified Staphylococcus epidermidis forms the basis of these cream products, which support skin-based, painless vaccination without invasive procedures, while playing an essential role in the immune response. Scientists using tetanus as a test subject have obtained positive data from animal studies demonstrating effective immune responses to vaccination, indicating potential future applications for treating diseases, such as influenza, COVID-19, and cancer. Vaccination creams outperform classic injections in several ways, as they eliminate needle-related concerns while reducing adverse reactions, streamlining mass vaccination programs, and making the delivery of immunizations simpler, especially for populations that lack regular access to healthcare. Several key barriers continue to hinder the development of vaccine creams, including regulatory hurdles, stability concerns, production scalability, and public acceptance. Research discusses how vaccine creams revolutionize immunization processes by improving treatment accessibility, affordability, and broader acceptance rates.

Indexed as

Skin CreamVaccinationVaccinesAdministration, CutaneousAnimalsHumansStaphylococcus epidermidisVaccinesglobal healthcareimmunizationimmunotherapymass vaccinationneedle-free vaccinationnon-invasive treatmentskin immunityStaphylococcus epidermidisVaccine creamsvaccine delivery

Identifiers

PMID40910289

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.