Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40910282›Full record

ArticleHealth promotion international2025

How big is the medical writing industry? Why it matters.

Maud Bernisson, Sergio Sismondo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health promotion international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Maud BernissonInstitute for Science in Society, Radboud University, Postbus 9102, 6500 HC Nijmegen, Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0005-1725-8176
Sergio SismondoDepartment of Philosophy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-4635-8142

Funding

European Research CouncilEuropean Union's H2020 programme 435-2022-0182European Union's H2020 programme 951393Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medical writing is a key element in pharmaceutical companies' efforts to shape the relevant medical science literature. As part of what is called 'publication planning', medical writing can influence the knowledge base on which prescribers make decisions, and can build specific claims in targeted sales efforts. Most publication planning is done by hired medical education and communication companies (MECCs), with the rest done by other commercial entities, such as units of pharmaceutical companies or of contract research organizations, that provide essentially the same services as MECCs. Here we provide an estimate of the number of MECCs and comparable entities contributing to the medical science literature in English. To identify these companies, we collected data from Web of Science (858 named firms from 20 498 papers mentioning medical writing assistance), LinkedIn (410 company profiles), and Google and DuckDuckGo (68 company websites). After removing duplicates and false positives, we found 1148 MECCs and other comparable entities providing medical writing services. More than 50% of Web of Science papers that acknowledged medical writing support are sponsored by only ten pharmaceutical companies. Most of the remaining papers in our database are sponsored by other pharmaceutical, device, and biotechnology companies. This study likely undercounts MECCs, because it depends on some level of transparency in publications or other leakage of information. Our combining multiple sources for the data should limit the undercount of MECCs. The study does not identify MECCs that work exclusively in languages other than English.

Indexed as

Drug IndustryMedical WritingPublishingHumansindustry-funded researchmedical education and communication companiesmedical writing industrypharmaceutical companiesscientific communication

Identifiers

PMID40910282
PMCPMC12411755

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.