ArticleFrontiers in surgery2025
Application of a hybrid virtual-physical teaching model integrating mixed reality and 3D printing in clinical joint orthopedic education.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Use of 3D printed coracoid models for preoperative planning in the Latarjet procedure: a cross-sectional study.3D printing in medicine · 2026Article
- Mixed reality-assisted navigation versus conventional manual positioning for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using 3D-printed knee models: a controlled experimental study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Promoting the Dissemination of 3D Printing Technology in Reconstructing Critical-Sized Defects of Long Bone and Vertebral Body Through a "Six-in-One" Targeted Teaching Method.Advances in medical education and practice · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The diagnosis and treatment of arthropathic orthopaedic conditions are inherently linked to anatomical structures, necessitating strong spatial visualization abilities in students. Providing intuitively accessible methods for students to master specialized knowledge presents a formidable challenge for educators. This study aims to evaluate the pedagogical value of integrating 3D-printed model with mixed reality (MR) technology in clinical orthopaedic surgery education. Methods: Thirty-six senior clinical medical undergraduates were randomized into two groups. The experimental group underwent training using the combined 3D- printed model and mixed reality (MR) technology, while the control group received traditional instruction. Learning outcomes were evaluated through standardized Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) assessments and questionnaires. Correlation analysis was conducted between total OSCE scores and questionnaire scores. Results: The experimental group achieved significantly higher OSCE scores compared to the control group ( Conclusion: Integrating 3D-printed model and MR technology into orthopedic joint surgery clinical teaching significantly boosts student performance, learning efficiency, and overall teaching quality, demonstrating strong potential for wider application.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.