ArticleCureus2025
Assessing the Effects of Bakhour on Pulmonary Functions in Young Adults in Saudi Arabia.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Impact of Household Environmental Conditions on Residents' Health in the Dammam Metropolitan Area, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Bakhour, a traditional incense commonly used in Saudi Arabia, is widely burned indoors, raising concerns about its impact on pulmonary health. Studies on the respiratory effects of Bakhour are limited. Objective This study aims to assess the effects of Bakhour exposure on pulmonary function in young adults in Saudi Arabia, evaluating prevalence, pulmonary function test (PFT) comparisons, and correlations with demographic factors. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Maarefa University, Riyadh, from November 2022 to August 2023. A total of 130 voluntary participants aged 18 and above were recruited. Standard spirometry tests were performed, and data were analyzed using SPSS v28 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, US). Results Bakhour use was more common among men (86.2%) as compared to women (69.2%) and smokers (94.1%) as compared to non-smokers (71.9%). No significant relationship was found between Bakhour use and pulmonary function; however, age, gender, and BMI significantly influenced lung function. Conclusion While Bakhour use was prevalent, it was not significantly associated with poor lung function. Future research should explore larger sample sizes and better exposure assessments.
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Registered trials
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