ReviewRSC advances2025
Metal oxide-based heterogeneous acid catalysts for sustainable biodiesel synthesis: recent advances and key challenges.
Review in RSC advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- MoOACS omega · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The synthesis of biodiesel is given wide attention due to its environmental benefits, renewability, and long-term sustainability. Importantly, it can also contribute to the elimination of the current global energy and climate change challenges. However, its production has been studied by the diverse catalytic systems. Metal oxide-based heterogeneous acid catalysts exhibit superior properties such as excellent reactivity, high thermal stability, resistance to free fatty acids and water, and reusability. Hence, the development of highly efficient and stable metal oxide-based heterogeneous acid catalysts is essential for future industrial applications. This review systematically explores recent developments in the production of biodiesel using metal oxide-based heterogeneous acid catalysts. The catalyst design and preparation, structural and physicochemical properties, operating reaction conditions, and catalytic behaviors of metal oxide-based heterogeneous acid catalysts, including sulfated metal oxide catalysts, different metal oxide-based acid catalysts, mixed metal oxide-based acid catalysts, and MOF-derived metal oxide-based catalysts, are discussed. Finally, the review concludes with guidance on the rational design of metal oxide-based heterogeneous acid catalysts for eco-friendly and cost-effective biodiesel production and puts forward the current research challenges and future development perspectives, aiming to promote innovation in large-scale industrial biodiesel production.
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Registered trials
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