ArticleFrontiers in aging neuroscience2025
Virtual reality navigation for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- VR-based path integration predicts individual risk of rapid cortical decline: a one-year longitudinal study in cognitively unimpaired adults.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Aberrant medial entorhinal cortex dynamics link tau pathology to spatial memory impairment.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Blood biomarkers and artificial intelligence: toward precision medicine in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The development of non-invasive clinical diagnostics is paramount for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurofibrillary tangles in AD originate from the entorhinal cortex, a cortical memory area that mediates navigation via path integration (PI). Here, we studied correlations between PI errors and levels of a range of AD biomarkers using a 3D virtual reality navigation system to explore PI as a non-invasive surrogate marker for early detection. Methods: We examined 111 healthy adults for PI using a head-mounted 3D VR system, AD-related plasma biomarkers (GFAP, NfL, Aβ40, Aβ42, and p-tau181), Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype, and demographic and cognitive assessments. Covariance of PI and AD biomarkers was assessed statistically, including tests for multivariate linear regression, logistic regression, and predictor importance ranking using machine learning, to identify predictive relationships for PI errors. Results: We found significant positive correlations between PI errors with age and plasma GFAP, p-tau181, and NfL levels. Multivariate analysis identified significant correlations of plasma GFAP ( Conclusion: These findings suggest that PI quantified by 3D VR navigation systems may be useful as a surrogate diagnostic tool for the detection of early AD pathophysiology. The hierarchical application of 3D VR PI and plasma p-tau181, in particular, may be an effective combinatorial biomarker for early AD neurodegeneration. These findings advance the application of non-invasive diagnostic tools for early testing and monitoring of AD, paving the way for timely therapeutic interventions and improved epidemiological patient outcomes.
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