ArticlePharmaceutical research2025
Development and Evaluation of Dual Microneedle Array Patch for Sequential Intradermal Delivery of Adjuvant and Antigen.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAdjuvants are critical for enhancing immune responses to recombinant protein-based vaccines, which typically exhibit weak immunogenicity. Microneedle array patches (MAPs) offer a promising method for intradermal delivery, but conventional Co-Delivery MAPs (containing antigen and adjuvant together) have limited loading capacity and potential undesirable interactions. Adjuvants may also trigger adverse reactions in sensitive populations. This study aimed to develop a Dual-Delivery MAP system that enables separate and sequential administration of antigens and adjuvants, addressing these limitations and supporting personalized vaccination strategies.
methodsThe Dual-Delivery MAP was developed using a coated MAP for ovalbumin (OVA) and a dissolving MAP for the CTA1 adjuvant. Patches were sequentially applied to the same skin site. Delivery efficiency, intradermal distribution, and immunogenicity were evaluated and compared to a conventional Co-Delivery MAP and an intramuscular (IM) injection group (OVA and CTA1 in solution). OVA- and CTA1-specific IgG titers were measured to assess immune responses.
resultsBoth Dual-Delivery and Co-Delivery MAPs demonstrated similar delivery efficiency (~ 70%). However, the Dual-Delivery MAP elicited significantly higher IgG titers against CTA1 and OVA compared to the Co-Delivery MAP, likely due to enhanced adjuvant functionality. The Dual-Delivery MAP induced immune responses comparable to IM injection, indicating that sequential delivery preserves adjuvant activity and enhances immunogenicity.
conclusionsThe Dual-Delivery MAP represents a novel, modular approach for skin-targeted vaccination. By separating antigen and adjuvant into distinct patches, it improves stability, maintains adjuvant efficacy, and enables personalized vaccine administration, offering a promising strategy for effective and safe vaccination.
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Registered trials
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