Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40908047›Full record

ArticleHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2025

"The Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Community Is Not Just Minoritised But Ignored": Engaging Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities in Australia With Blood-Borne Viruses and Sexually Transmissible Infections Healthcare.

S R Okeke, R Horwitz, L Brener, H M K Vu, E Wu, D Jin, S Yu, T Broady, C Treloar, E Cama

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

S R OkekeCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-9211-1813
R HorwitzCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-3821-8203
L BrenerCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7453-4852
H M K VuCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
E WuCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
D JinCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2326-2460
S YuCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2910-8712
T BroadyCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4341-1868
C TreloarCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8230-0386
E CamaCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-3080-2472

Funding

This project was supported by a grant from the Australian Government Department of Health (4H1NUV9Z) and NHMRC Investigator Grant (2034788) (C.T.).
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPeople from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds who are living in high-income countries, are disproportionately impacted by blood-borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections (BBVs/STIs). Despite this, many do not engage with available preventive and treatment services due to a range of patient, provider and systems level barriers that make patient engagement challenging. This study explores ways to make healthcare services more acceptable and accessible to promote better health outcomes for Australian residents from CALD communities.

methodsResearchers of CALD backgrounds conducted in-depth interviews with 26 key stakeholders who work in the BBVs/STIs health care sector and advocate for or provide care to people from CALD communities. Most of these stakeholders were of CALD backgrounds. Interviews explored barriers to patient engagement, and discussed notions of intersectional stigma, quality health care, and strategies to reduce stigma and discrimination within health settings. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

resultsFour key themes were generated that describe and challenge inequitable BBVs and STIs care for CALD people in Australia and offer more inclusive and acceptable paths of engagement for this population. These themes are: (1) A paradigm shift in cultural orientation of the Australian healthcare system, (2) Addressing stigma, (3) Removing language barriers, and (4) Engaging CALD people as healthcare providers.

conclusionResults show that health service understanding of CALD people's cultural understandings and interpretations of health and illness is key to engaging these communities with healthcare services. This study highlights the need for BBVs/STIs services and Australia's health system in general, to adopt a more cross-cultural approach in the way it interacts with and addresses the health needs of patients from CALD backgrounds. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study used a codesign approach in which an advisory group drawn from CALD communities made a significant input in the study design in relation to cultural appropriateness and relevance. Also, some participants in the study have BBVs living experience which contributed in enriching the study data.

Indexed as

Blood-Borne PathogensCultural DiversitySexually Transmitted DiseasesAdultAustraliaFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansInterviews as TopicLanguageMaleQualitative ResearchSocial Stigmacross‐cultural approachcultural partnershipshealth literacypatient engagementstigma

Identifiers

PMID40908047
PMCPMC12411013

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.