ArticleThe Journal of head trauma rehabilitation
Global Outcomes Across 20 Years After Inpatient Rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury.
Article in The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early Functional Recovery Trajectories After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Secondary Analysis of the TBIMS National Database.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Ten-Year Latent Trajectories of Global Function and Their Associations with Social Relationship Factors: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.Neurotrauma reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo explore and visually display differences in the distribution of the Glasgow Outcome Scale - Extended (GOS-E) over time after traumatic brain injury (TBI), focusing on variations in outcome distributions based on GOS-E at Year 1 postinjury and age at injury.
settingCommunity.
participants14 010 individuals who received inpatient rehabilitation in the TBI Model Systems.
designCross-sectional analysis of a prospectively collected longitudinal database. MAIN MEASURES: GOS-E scores at 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years postinjury, and age at injury.
resultsThe proportions of cases in each GOS-E category are displayed using 100% stacked bar graphs for each follow-up period. These graphs reveal that GOS-E at Year 1 and age at injury clearly influence outcomes over time. Trends include decreasing good recovery and increasing severe disability as Year 1 GOS-E worsens, along with rising mortality rates as age at injury increases.
conclusionThe study introduces a novel approach for visually representing patterns of change in GOS-E outcomes, emphasizing differences across strata defined by GOS-E at Year 1 and age at injury. The figures provide a valuable tool for communicating potential outcomes, particularly when GOS-E at Year 1 and age are known. Evaluating the visual interpretability of these graphs among persons with brain injury, family members, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders will help determine their broader usability and value.
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