Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40906898›Full record

ArticleNano letters2025

Overcoming the Speed Limit of Four-Way DNA Branch Migration with Bulges in Toeholds.

Samia Bakhtawar, Francesca Smith, Aditya Sengar, Guy-Bart V Stan, John Goertz, Molly Stevens, Thomas E Ouldridge, Wooli Bae

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nano letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Samia BakhtawarSchool of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
Francesca SmithImperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
Aditya SengarImperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2223-5604
Guy-Bart V StanImperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-5560-902X
John GoertzDepartment of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
Molly StevensDepartment of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-7335-266X
Thomas E OuldridgeImperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-8114-8602
Wooli BaeSchool of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-5396-3263

Funding

Department of Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) and the Royal Academy of Engineering under the Chair in Emerging Technologies ProgrammeEngineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council through a Frontier Research Guarantee GrantEuropean Research CouncilRoyal Society University Research FellowshipU.K. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilU.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilU.K. Royal Academy of Engineering
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dynamic DNA nanotechnology creates programmable reaction networks and nanodevices by using DNA strands. The key reaction in dynamic DNA nanotechnology is the exchange of DNA strands between different molecular species, achieved through three- and four-way strand exchange reactions. While both reactions have been widely used, the four-way exchange reaction has traditionally been slower and less efficient than the three-way reaction. In this paper, we describe a new mechanism to optimize the kinetics of the four-way strand exchange reaction by adding bulges to the toeholds of the four-way DNA complexes involved in the reaction. These bulges facilitate an alternative branch migration mechanism and destabilize the four-way DNA junction, increasing the four-way strand exchange rate by an order of magnitude. This advancement has the potential to expand the field of dynamic DNA nanotechnology by enabling efficient four-way strand exchange reactions for

Indexed as

DNANanostructuresNanotechnologyKineticsNucleic Acid ConformationDNAfour-way DNA branch migrationHolliday junctionoxDNAtoehold-mediated strand displacement (TMSD)

Identifiers

PMID40906898
PMCPMC12447554

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.