Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40906825›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of sport science2025

Females Exhibit Greater Peak and Cumulative Patellofemoral Joint Stress With Moderate and Heavy Load Carriage Compared With Males.

Richard W Willy, Janet E Simon, Brittany Hanser, Marin Plemmons, Kelly Christensen, Lexi Klawitter, Alexis Doutt, Brent C Ruby

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of sport science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Richard W WillySchool of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-228X
Janet E SimonDepartment of Athletic Training, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
Brittany HanserSchool of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.
Marin PlemmonsDivision of Physical Therapy, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Kelly ChristensenSchool of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.
Lexi KlawitterSchool of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.
Alexis DouttSchool of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.
Brent C RubyMontana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.

Funding

University of Montana UGP-18
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Load carriage training is universal during military training, regardless of sex or physical characteristics, and may contribute to the 1.3-2.2× higher incidence of patellofemoral pain (PFP) in female versus male recruits. This study aimed to assess sex differences in patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stress during load carriage, controlling for anthropometrics and quadriceps strength. Twenty males and 20 females walked (1.35 m/s) on an instrumented treadmill with 0-kg, 20.4-kg, and 34.0-kg of load carriage. An inverse-dynamics musculoskeletal model estimated peak, impulse, and cumulative PFJ stress. To assess quadriceps strength, peak isometric knee extensor torque normalized to body mass was measured via dynamometry. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for body mass, height, and quadriceps strength assessed the effects of load (0-kg, 20.4-kg, and 34.0-kg) and biological sex (male, female) on PFJ stress and gait parameters. Females were shorter, had lower mass, and lower quadriceps strength (all p < 0.001; d = 1.50-1.54, indicating large effect sizes). Peak, impulse per step, and cumulative PFJ stress increased with load carriage, with greater increases in females compared to males (sex × load interactions p = 0.002-0.005; η

Indexed as

Patellofemoral JointWeight-BearingAdultBiomechanical PhenomenaFemaleGaitHumansMaleMilitary PersonnelMuscle StrengthQuadriceps MuscleSex FactorsYoung Adultbiomechanicsgenderinjury and preventionmusculoskeletal

Identifiers

PMID40906825
PMCPMC12410583

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.