ArticlePloS one2025
Synergistic reduction of graphene oxide using vitamin C and urea: Enhanced efficiency and material properties.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Synergistic reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using different reducing agents represents an effective approach for reduced graphene oxide (rGO) synthesis. In this study, the rGO (rGO-Vc+Urea) was prepared by combining vitamin C (Vc) and urea as co-reducing agents with the modified Hummer's method. Compared to samples reduced solely with Vc or urea, the co-reducing agents significantly reduced the required reaction time (to 2 hours) and temperature (to 120°C), while yielding material with superior electrical resistivity (1.2 Ω·cm). The structure of the samples was characterized using XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, BET surface area analysis, and SEM. Results indicate that the sample prepared from co-reducing agents possesses a typical graphene structure and incorporates C-N bonds. Furthermore, rGO-Vc+Urea exhibits a higher degree of structural order, as evidenced by a lower Raman (Iᴅ/IG = 0.75), compared to rGO-Vc (Iᴅ/IG = 0.91) and rGO-Urea (Iᴅ/IG = 1.49), along with a higher specific surface area (88.60 m2/g). The reduction mechanism of the co-reducing agents was investigated. It was revealed that the alkaline environment generated by urea enhances Vc's ability to reduce oxygen-containing functional groups in GO, specifically hydroxyl, epoxy, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups, and promotes the elimination of CO2 released during the reaction. This strategy of employing synergistic multiple reducing agents offers new perspectives for the preparation of rGO.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.